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Republic of Finland
Republic of Finland; Suomen tasavalta (Finnish); Republiken Finland (Swedish);
	????? ?????? ???
	????????? ???: ; Maamme (Finnish); V?rt land (Swedish); (??????: "Our Land");
	?????:Switcher ???????? ????? ?????????? (dark green)百度安德森补篮得手，哈登突破得手，三节结束，火箭71比68领先。 – ????? ?????? ?? (green & dark grey); – the European Union?? (green) — [Legend]
???????; ? ???????? ???? ???	Helsinki; 60°10′N 24°56′E? / ?60.167°N 24.933°E
???????? ???? ???	capital
???????? ??????	Finnish ? Swedish
??????? ??????? ??????? ??????	Sámi
????	Evangelical Lutheran Church; Orthodox Church;
??????(??)	Finnish; Finn;
?????	Unitary parliamentary republic
? President	Sauli Niinist?
? Prime Minister	Sanna Marin
????????????	Eduskunta/Riksdagen
Formation
? Autonomy; within Russian Empire	29 March 1809
? Independence; from Russian Republic	6 December 1917
? Civil War; against Red Finland	Jan – May 1918
? Joined; the European Union	1 January 1995
?????????
? ?????	338,424 km2 (130,666 sq mi) (64th)
? ???? (%)	10
?????????
? May 2020 ???	5,528,737 (116th)
? ?????	16/km2 (41.4/sq mi) (213th)
??? ???????? ??????? (???? ????? ????)	2018 ???
? ?????	$257 billion (60th)
? ????? ???????	$46,559 (24th)
??? ???????? ??????? (?????????)	2018 ???
? ?????	$277 billion (43rd)
? ????? ???????	$50,068 (14th)
???? (2019)	26.2; ????? · 6th
???? ????? ???????? (2018)	0.925; ??? ???? · 12th
??????	Euro (€) (EUR)
??? ???????	??????????????? ???????? ???+2 (EET)
? ???????????? (?????????? ??? ???)	??????????????? ???????? ???+3 (EEST)
???? ?????	d.m.yyyy
??? ??????	right
??????? ???	+358
????? ???? ??????	FI
???????? ?????	.fia
	The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.;

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↑ Formerly a semi-presidential republic, it is now a parliamentary republic according to David Arter, First Chair of Politics at Aberdeen University. In his "Scandinavian Politics Today" (Manchester University Press, revised 2008 ISBN 9780719078538), he quotes Nousiainen, Jaakko (June 2001). "From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government: political and constitutional developments in Finland". Scandinavian Political Studies. 24 (2): 95–109. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00048.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) as follows: "There are hardly any grounds for the epithet 'semi-presidential'." Arter's own conclusions are only slightly more nuanced: "The adoption of a new constitution on 1 March 2000 meant that Finland was no longer a case of semi-presidential government other than in the minimalist sense of a situation where a popularly elected fixed-term president exists alongside a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to parliament (Elgie 2004: 317)". According to the Finnish Constitution, the president has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval, and does not have the power to dissolve the parliament under his or her own desire. Finland is actually represented by its prime minister, and not by its president, in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union. The 2012 constitutional amendments reduced the powers of the president even further.
↑ "Finland's preliminary population figure 5,528,737 at the end of April". Statistics Finland. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
↑ ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. 17 October 2018.
↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
↑ "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF) (in ?????????). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
↑ Ajanilmaukset Archived 2025-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. Kielikello 2/2006. Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 2025-08-04

[Parliamentary-1] Formerly a semi-presidential republic, it is now a parliamentary republic according to David Arter, First Chair of Politics at Aberdeen University. In his "Scandinavian Politics Today" (Manchester University Press, revised 2008 ISBN 9780719078538), he quotes Nousiainen, Jaakko (June 2001). "From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government: political and constitutional developments in Finland". Scandinavian Political Studies. 24 (2): 95–109. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00048.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) as follows: "There are hardly any grounds for the epithet 'semi-presidential'." Arter's own conclusions are only slightly more nuanced: "The adoption of a new constitution on 1 March 2000 meant that Finland was no longer a case of semi-presidential government other than in the minimalist sense of a situation where a popularly elected fixed-term president exists alongside a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to parliament (Elgie 2004: 317)". According to the Finnish Constitution, the president has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval, and does not have the power to dissolve the parliament under his or her own desire. Finland is actually represented by its prime minister, and not by its president, in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union. The 2012 constitutional amendments reduced the powers of the president even further.

[2] "Finland's preliminary population figure 5,528,737 at the end of April". Statistics Finland. Retrieved 1 June 2020.

[imf3-3] ?.? ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. 17 October 2018.

[eurogini-4] "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 27 March 2020.

[UNHDR-5] "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF) (in ?????????). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.

[6] Ajanilmaukset Archived 2025-08-04 at the Wayback Machine. Kielikello 2/2006. Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 2025-08-04

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